Selenium server

Author: f | 2025-04-25

Selenium Server and Selenium Standalone server are different; each is designed to serve a different purpose. Selenium Server was part of Selenium RC, which is now deprecated. Selenium

Selenium Standalone Server and Selenium Server [Differences]

Of writing WebdriverIO tests, it’s important to ensure that you have set up WebdriverIO correctly. This involves meeting the following prerequisites:Install Node.js:Before proceeding, verify that Node.js is installed on your computer. To confirm its installation, open the command-line interface (CLI) and execute the following commands:node -vnpm -vIf Node.js is appropriately installed, these commands will display the respective versions of Node.js and npm.Install WebdriverIO:Afterward, you need to install WebdriverIO. Execute the provided commands in your command prompt to install WebdriverIO:npm install webdriverioThis command will use npm (Node Package Manager) to fetch and install the latest stable version of WebdriverIO.Install Selenium Server Utility:WebdriverIO relies on Selenium Server for browser automation. To install Selenium Server Utility globally, use the following command:npm install -g selenium-standaloneThis command will install the Selenium Standalone Server, which is required for running browser tests with WebdriverIO.Update Selenium Standalone Server and Browser Drivers:To ensure you have the latest versions of the Selenium Standalone Server and browser drivers, run the following command:selenium-standalone installThis command will update the Selenium Standalone Server and download the necessary browser drivers (such as ChromeDriver or GeckoDriver).Start Selenium Standalone Server and Browser:Before executing your test scripts, you need to start the Selenium Standalone Server and launch the desired browser. Use the following command:selenium-standalone startThis command will initiate the Selenium Standalone Server and start the browser specified in your test scripts. Make sure to keep the Selenium Standalone Server running in the background while executing your tests.Configuring WebdriverIO for the first testTo set up WebdriverIO for your first test, follow these steps:Create the project workspace:Open your command-line interface (CLI) and enter the following commands to create a project workspace directory and navigate into it:mkdir WebdriverioTestProjectcd WebdriverioTestProjectInitialize package.json:To initialize a package.json file for your project, run the following command:npm init -yThis command will generate a package.json file with the default configuration.Install WebdriverIO CLI:Install the WebdriverIO Command Line Interface (CLI) globally by running the following command:npm install -g @wdio/cliThe WebdriverIO CLI will install, which will give useful tools for organizing and executing your WebdriverIO tests.Create a WebdriverIO config file:Generate a WebdriverIO config file using the following command:npx wdio configThis command will initiate a configuration setup process where you can choose various options based on your requirements. You can configure the test environment, specify the framework, set the location of test specs, choose a reporter, and define the test execution mode (synchronous or asynchronous).Create the test specs folder:Create a folder to store your test specs by executing the following command:mkdir -p ./test/specsThis command will create a directory structure with a specs folder inside the test folder to hold your test files.Create the test script file:Create a test script file where you will write your automation test script by running the following command:touch ./test/specs/webdriverioTestScript.jsThis command will create a webdriverioTestScript.js file inside the specs folder, ready for you to write your test code.Test Automation Using Selenium and WebdriverIOWebdriverIO is built on top of Selenium, a widely used automation framework for web applications. By integrating with Selenium, WebdriverIO offers a robust solution for web Webdriver Manager A selenium server and browser driver manager for your end to end tests. This is the same tool as webdriver-manager from the Protractor repository.Note: Version 9 and lower please reference pose/webdriver-manager. If there are features that existed in version 9 and lower, please open up an issue with the missing feature or a create a pull request.Getting Startednpm install -g webdriver-managerSetting up a Selenium ServerPrior to starting the selenium server, download the selenium server jar and driver binaries. By default it will download the selenium server jar and chromedriver binary.webdriver-manager updateStarting the Selenium ServerBy default, the selenium server will run on startOther useful commandsView different versions of server and driver files:webdriver-manager statusClear out the server and driver files. If webdriver-manager start does not work, try to clear out the saved files.webdriver-manager cleanRunning / stopping server in background process (stopping is not yet supported on standalone server 3.x.x):webdriver-manager start --detachwebdriver-manager shutdownHelp commandsWedriver-manager has a main help option: webdriver-manager help. There are also other built in help menus for each of the commands. So for example, if you would like to look up all the flag options you can set in update, you could run webdriver-manager update help.Here are a list of all the commands with help:webdriver-manager update helpwebdriver-manager start helpwebdriver-manager clean helpwebdriver-manager status helpOther topics:mobile browser supportprotractor supportset specific versions

selenium-server-standalone/selenium-server-standalone.jar at

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Difference between selenium server and selenium server

And its components. Now, let’s try to understand Selenium WebDriver in a detailed manner. As mentioned earlier, Selenium WebDriver is an enhanced version of Selenium RC. It is a web framework that helps us in executing cross browser tests. It also allows us to choose a programming language to create the test scripts.Selenium WebDriver architecture in Selenium 3The Selenium WebDriver architecture in Selenium 3 constitutes of four major components:Selenium Client Libraries/ Language BindingsJSON Wire ProtocolBrowser DriversReal BrowsersSelenium Client LibrariesIn order to support multiple languages, Selenium developers have built the language bindings. For example, if you are writing your tests in Java, you can use the Java bindings. Client libraries can be downloaded from the official Selenium website.JSON Wire ProtocolJSON is an abbreviated form of JavaScript Object Notation. It transfers the data between client and server. It provides support for data structures like objects and arrays, hence doing data reading and writing easier.It acts as a REST(Representational State Transfer) API to transfer information between the HTTP servers.Selenium WebDriver Architecture in Selenium 3Browser DriversIn order to develop a secure connection with the browser, Selenium uses Drivers. Each browser has its own driver that hides the internal logic of the browser’s functionality.In addition, each automation language has a corresponding browser driver. The following series of actions are performed when a Selenium automation test is triggered:Every Selenium command generates a corresponding HTTP request, which is sent to the browser driver.This request is routed through the HTTP Server.The HTTP Server now drives the instruction execution on the browser.The browser sends back the status to the HTTP Server, which forwards it to the automation script.Some of the browser drivers are ChromeDriver, GeckoDriver, MicrosoftEdge driver, etc.BrowsersBrowsers are the end-point of our test execution. Selenium supports all major browsers like Firefox, Chrome, Safari, Edge, etc.Selenium WebDriver architecture in Selenium 4One of the major differences between Selenium 3 and Selenium 4 is that Selenium WebDriver in Selenium 4 is W3C Compliant. As seen in the WebDriver architecture in Selenium 3, encoding and decoding of API requests had to be done due to the involvement of the JSON Wire protocol.Selenium WebDriver Architecture in Selenium 4With W3C WebDriver in Selenium 4, the tests can directly communicate with the web browser. Since the Selenium WebDriver and web browsers are on the same page (as far as W3C protocol is concerned), you can expect less flakiness and more consistency as far as Selenium automation testing is concerned.This certification is ideal for testing professionals who want to acquire advanced, hands-on knowledge in Selenium automation testing.Here’s a short glimpse of the Selenium Advanced certification from LambdaTest:Benefits of Selenium WebDriverNow that we know about the entire architecture of Selenium WebDriver, let’s take a quick look at Approach works for any language. In both these examples, you'll scrape theScrapingBee home pageand extract all the h2 tags. It's a simple demo, but the most important part is that you'll use the proxy server you just created.The way you set the proxy server differs based on what library you're using. In this article, you'll see demos withSeleniumandScrapingBee.Use a Proxy Server with SeleniumTo use a proxy server with Selenium, create a directory to hold the project:mkdir proxy-demo && cd proxy-demoThen, install the selenium-webdriver library:npm install selenium-webdriverYou'll also need toinstall a driverfor the browser that you want to use. Download the appropriate driver and put it in yourPATHvariable. The following example uses Firefox, but make sure you change it to the driver you'd like to use.Create a file named selenium.js and write the following code:const webdriver = require('selenium-webdriver');const firefox = require('selenium-webdriver/firefox');const proxy = require('selenium-webdriver/proxy');const { Builder } = webdriver;(async function() { const options = new firefox.Options(); options.addArguments('--headless'); // Ignore SSL errors options.addArguments('--ignore-certificate-errors'); options.addArguments('--ignore-ssl-errors'); options.addArguments('--allow-running-insecure-content'); options.addArguments('--disable-web-security'); const driver = new Builder() .forBrowser('firefox') .setFirefoxOptions(options) .setProxy(proxy.manual({ https: 'localhost:80' })) .build(); await driver.get(' const headers = await driver.findElements(webdriver.By.css('h2')); headers.forEach(async (header) => { const text = await header.getText(); console.log(text); })})()Note the setProxy method. This method sets the proxy to localhost for HTTPS requests.Run the code with node selenium.js, and you should get a list of all h2 headers on the page:Render your web page as if it were a real browser.Render JavaScript to scrape any website.Rotate proxies tobypass rate limiting.Simple, transparent pricing.Developers are asking...Who are we?Contact usReady to get started?Use a Proxy with ScrapingBeeTo use a proxy with ScrapingBee, you'll need tocreate a free account. Once the account is created, copy the API key from thedashboard:To use the proxy server with ScrapingBee, you need to make it available over the internet because ScrapingBee needs to connect

selenium-server-standalone/bin/selenium-server-standalone at

LambdaTest sign up page in the Chrome browser using the driver.get() statement. The findElement method in Selenium is used for locating the SignIn WebElement.Here, I have used XPath in Selenium for locating the ‘Sign In’ button. To investigate the XPath of any element, you can simply right-click on it and click on Inspect. You will be able to spot the locator in the Elements tab. The click method in Selenium is used for clicking on the Sign In button.@AfterTest: In the AfterTest method, close the browser using the driver.close() method.Read – Parallel Test Execution in Selenium using TestNGTest ExecutionYou will see the below output once you run the testng.xml file.Automated browser testing using cloud Selenium GridSo far, in this Selenium WebDriver tutorial, I used the local Selenium WebDriver to run a particular test case. Now, as the number of test cases increases, running them parallel with a higher number of threads on a single VM would start giving automation failures.However, a realistic scenario is where a single test case (or multiple test cases) has to be run across different browser and OS combinations. This is where the Selenium Grid comes into the picture. Selenium Grid eases our setup-related woes, along with helping us run tests at scale on a local (or cloud) grid setup.Selenium Grid makes parallel execution possible by sending commands to remote Web Browser instances from a hub server. Selenium testing tools like LambdaTest offer a cloud Selenium Grid that lets you run parallel tests across 3000+ different browsers and operating systems. All you need to do is instantiate the remote Selenium WebDriver instead of the local Selenium WebDriver.With LambdaTest, you don’t have to worry about downloading and configuring hundreds of browsers on your machine as they are readily available on the online Selenium Grid. Instead, all you need to do is register on LambdaTest for free and claim your 100 free automation testing minutes.Now that I have covered the basics of cloud Selenium Grid, let’s implement the same example using LambdaTest Selenium Grid.Problem StatementIn the below example, I am running the same test case on Chrome (latest) + Windows 10 combination.Launch Chrome browser on Windows 10Open LambdaTest sign up page.Click on the Sign In button.Close the web browser.ImplementationCode WalkthroughGlobal Variables: As tests have to be run on LambdaTest cloud Selenium Grid, we would be using the below-shown variables.Here, you can populate the values for your corresponding username and access key, which can be collected by logging into your LamdaTest Profile Section. However, the gridURL will remain the same.@BeforeTest(Setup Method): In Selenium, the RemoteWebDriver class implements the WebDriver interface to execute test scripts through the RemoteWebDriver server on a remote machine.The below-imported class will help you in using

Selenium Standalone Server vs Selenium Server [Updated]

Proxy that intercepts HTTP requests and injects the cookie into the desired domain’s response headers. Tools like BrowserMob Proxy or MITMProxy can be integrated with Selenium for this purpose.Here’s an example:from browsermobproxy import Serverfrom selenium import webdriver# Start BrowserMob Proxy serverserver = Server(path_to_browsermob_proxy)server.start()proxy = server.create_proxy()# Configure Selenium to use the proxyoptions = webdriver.ChromeOptions()options.add_argument(f'--proxy-server={proxy.proxy}')driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)# Inject the cookie when a certain domain is accessedcookie = 'Set-Cookie: foo=bar; Domain=example.com; Path=/'proxy.add_header(cookie)# Open the target domaindriver.get(" code effectively injects a ‘Set-Cookie’ header when any HTTP request is made via the configured Selenium WebDriver proxy, assigning the cookie to ‘example.com’.By using a proxy server, you can intercept and manipulate HTTP requests and responses. This gives you the ability to insert cookies into the response headers manually. However, setting up and configuring the proxy can be complex and this method might be overkill for simple tasks.Bonus One-Liner Method 5: Quick Cookie Injection with execute_scriptFor an all-in-one solution, execute a JavaScript one-liner in the context of the desired domain using driver.execute_script(). This command creates and sets the cookie directly within the active page’s domain. Ensure the domain in the URL matches the desired cookie domain before execution.Here’s an example:from selenium import webdriver# Start a WebDriver sessiondriver = webdriver.Chrome()driver.get(" Use JavaScript to quickly set the cookiedriver.execute_script("document.cookie = 'foo=bar;domain=example.com;path=/';")This JavaScript command sets the cookie ‘foo’ with value ‘bar’ on ‘example.com’ instantly.Using JavaScript to manipulate cookies gives you a direct and quick way to alter the browser’s cookie state. This method allows you to bypass some of the built-in methods provided by Selenium for a more hands-on approach to cookie manipulation.Summary/DiscussionMethod 1: Using add_cookie. Straightforward and officially supported by Selenium. Requires navigating to the domain first.Method 2: Pre-setting Domain in Cookie Jar. Good for complex scenarios involving multiple cookies and domains. Adds an external dependency and complexity.Method 3: Modifying. Selenium Server and Selenium Standalone server are different; each is designed to serve a different purpose. Selenium Server was part of Selenium RC, which is now deprecated. Selenium Download Selenium Server . Selenium Server (formerly Selenium RC) is the package that allows us to run Selenium tests from PHP (instead of Java). To download it, just go to the Selenium site and download the Selenium Server file (for example, selenium-server-standalone-2.25.0.jar) to a

Selenium Standalone Server vs Selenium

SearchTerm){ searchTextBox.sendKeys(searchTerm); searchButton.click(); }}85. What is an Object repository?An object repository is the centralized location of all the objects or WebElements of the test scripts. In Selenium, we can implement an object repository using the Page Object Model as well as Page Factory design patterns.86. What is a data-driven framework?A data-driven framework is one in which the test data is put in external files like CSV, Excel, etc. Basically, the test data is separated from the test logic that is written in test script files. The test data drives the test cases, i.e. the test methods run for each set of test data values. TestNG provides inherent support for data-driven testing using @dataProvider annotation.Also, check – Test Automation Framework87. What is a keyword-driven framework?A keyword-driven framework is one in which we associate the normal set of actions with keywords and keep them in an external file usually in tabular form.For example, we can use-launchBrowser() keyword, for the action of launching a browser.writeInTextBox(webElement, textToWrite) keyword, for the action to write in a textbox with keyword, etc.The framework contains the code to perform the action based on a keyword specified in the external file.In this way, a person of a non-programming background can also write the test steps in a file as long as all the keywords are present in the framework along with the implementation.88. What is a hybrid framework?A hybrid framework is a combination of two or more frameworks. For example, a combination of data-driven and keyword-driven frameworks is also a hybrid framework.89. What is Selenium Grid?Selenium Grid is a tool that helps in distributed testing. Using Grid, we can run test scripts in different machines having different browsers, browser versions, platforms, etc in parallel. In the Selenium grid, there is a hub that is a central server managing all the distributed machines known as nodes.90. What are some advantages of the Selenium grid?The advantages of the Selenium grid are-It allows running test cases in parallel thereby saving test execution time.Multi-browser testing is possible using the Selenium grid by running the test on machines having different browsers.Additionally, we can do multi-platform testing by configuring nodes having different operating systems.91. What is a hub in the Selenium Grid?A hub is a server or a central point in the Selenium grid that controls the test executions on the different machines.92. What is a node in the Selenium Grid?Nodes are the machines that are attached to the selenium grid hub and have selenium instances running the test scripts. Unlike a hub, there can be multiple nodes in the selenium grid. 93. Explain the line of code Webdriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();.This is one of the most frequently asked Selenium interview questions. In the